{"id":836,"date":"2021-04-19T09:54:29","date_gmt":"2021-04-19T09:54:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.sourcecode.sk\/wsczkb\/?post_type=ht_kb&p=836"},"modified":"2023-05-15T14:46:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-15T12:46:12","slug":"jak-v-ubuntu-linux-20-04-lts-nainstalovat-nginx-mysql-a-php-lemp","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/podpora\/kb\/jak-v-ubuntu-linux-20-04-lts-nainstalovat-nginx-mysql-a-php-lemp\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak v Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS nainstalovat Nginx, MySQL a PHP (LEMP)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pod zkratkou LEMP<\/strong> se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 softv\u00e9rov\u00fd bal\u00edk pro L<\/strong>inux obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed webov\u00fd server Nginx (vyslovuje se \u201cE<\/strong>ngine-X\u201d), datab\u00e1zov\u00fd server M<\/strong>ySQL a programovac\u00ed jazyk P<\/strong>HP. Tato trojice se instaluje na zobrazen\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek napsan\u00fdch v jazyce PHP, kter\u00e9 si \u00fadaje ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed do datab\u00e1ze MySQL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento n\u00e1vod funguje na linuxov\u00e9m opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Ubuntu ve verzi 20.04 LTS<\/a> (Focal Fossa). Jde o verzi LTS (L<\/strong>ong T<\/strong>erm S<\/strong>upport = dlouhodob\u00e1 podpora), kter\u00e1 byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 23. 04. 2020 a je ofici\u00e1ln\u011b podporovan\u00e1 softwarovou spole\u010dnost\u00ed Canonical 5 let od vyd\u00e1n\u00ed, \u010dili do dubna 2025. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159i se v LTS ve zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 m\u00ed\u0159e zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na bezpe\u010dnost a hardwarovou kompatibilitu, aby bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed na enterprise \u00farovni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Instalujeme Nginx<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V prvn\u00ed \u0159ade je pot\u0159eba zabezpe\u010dit aktu\u00e1lnost v\u0161ech bal\u00edk\u016f. Nainstalujeme tedy v\u0161echen updatovan\u00fd software pomoc\u00ed dvou p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f v jedn\u00e9 d\u00e1vce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kdy\u017e syst\u00e9m najde aktualizovateln\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky, takto se zept\u00e1, jestli je chcete za\u010d\u00edt instalovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do you want to continue? [Y\/n]<\/code><\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Stla\u010dte kl\u00e1vesu y<\/code> kdy\u017e chcete za\u010d\u00edt aktualiza\u010dn\u00ed proces nebo kl\u00e1vesu n<\/code>, kdy\u017e aktualizovat nechcete. N\u00e1sledn\u011b stla\u010dte kl\u00e1vesu Enter<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Samotn\u00fd Nginx nainstalujeme jedin\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkazem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt install nginx<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1vesu y<\/code> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b kl\u00e1vesu enter a po\u010dk\u00e1me na dokon\u010den\u00ed instalace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Po ukon\u010den\u00ed instalace ve webov\u00e9m prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di zkontrolujeme, jestli Nginx funguje spr\u00e1vn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
http:\/\/IP_adresa<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pokud je v\u0161echno v po\u0159\u00e1dku, zobraz\u00ed se jednoduch\u00e1 webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka s nadpisem \u201cWelcome to nginx!\u201d<\/strong> a s odkazy na online dokumentaci a podporu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zkusme si zm\u011bnit HTML k\u00f3d, abychom se ujistili, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eeme upravovat webovou str\u00e1nku:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo nano \/var\/www\/html\/index.nginx-debian.html<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Dop\u00ed\u0161eme nebo vyma\u017eeme n\u011bkolik znak\u016f, ulo\u017e\u00edme pomoc\u00ed kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 zkratky Ctrl + X<\/code> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b stla\u010den\u00edm kl\u00e1vesy y<\/code> a potvrzen\u00edm kl\u00e1vesou Enter<\/code>. Ve webov\u00e9m prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di te\u010f obnov\u00edme na\u010d\u00edtanou str\u00e1nku a m\u016f\u017eeme sledovat ulo\u017een\u00e9 zm\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1vod jak v Ubuntu 20.04 LTS nainstalovat Let’s Encrypt TLS\/SSL pro Nginx<\/a> (HTTPS)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Instalujeme PHP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky zpracov\u00e1van\u00e9 na stran\u011b klienta (frontend pomoc\u00ed HTML, CSS a JavaScriptu) u\u017e tedy po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 instalaci Nginx dok\u00e1\u017eeme zobrazit. Pokud ale pot\u0159ebujeme, aby str\u00e1nky fungovaly dynamicky i na stran\u011b serveru (backend), mus\u00edme nainstalovat programovac\u00ed jazyk PHP. Na to poslou\u017e\u00ed jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkaz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt install php-fpm php-mysql<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1vesu y<\/code> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b kl\u00e1vesu Enter<\/code> a po\u010dk\u00e1me na dokon\u010den\u00ed instalace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
PHP je \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b nainstalovan\u00e9 a te\u010f za\u0159\u00edd\u00edme, aby Nginx s PHP dok\u00e1zal spolupracovat. Zm\u011bn\u00edme obsah konfigura\u010dn\u00edho souboru takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Do \u0159\u00e1dku \u010d\u00edslo 44<\/em> dopln\u00edme index.php<\/code>, tak\u017ee v\u00fdsledek m\u016f\u017ee vypadat takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Potom u\u017e jen odkomentujeme \u0159\u00e1dky 56, 57, 60, 63, 68, 69<\/em> a 70<\/em>. Ulo\u017e\u00edme pomoc\u00ed kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 zkratky Ctrl + X<\/code> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b stla\u010den\u00edm kl\u00e1vesy y<\/code> a potvrzen\u00edm kl\u00e1vesou Enter<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Upraven\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st konfigura\u010dn\u00edho souboru tedy v textov\u00e9m editoru nano vypad\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n\n\n
\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
*verzi php nahra\u010fte vlastn\u00ed PHP verz\u00ed, kterou si p\u0159ejete vyu\u017e\u00edvat<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n
Takto nastaven\u00fd Nginx je\u0161t\u011b restartujeme:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo systemctl reload nginx<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m restartu Nginx vyzkou\u0161\u00edme, jestli se PHP k\u00f3d doopravdy zpracuje:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo rm \/var\/www\/html\/index.nginx-debian.html<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo nano \/var\/www\/html\/index.php<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Vlo\u017e\u00edme kr\u00e1tk\u00fd PHP k\u00f3d, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu se na\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed v\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace ohledn\u011b nainstalovan\u00e9ho PHP:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<?php\nphpinfo();\n?><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ulo\u017e\u00edme pomoc\u00ed kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 zkratky Ctrl + X<\/code> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b stla\u010den\u00edm kl\u00e1vesy y<\/code> a potvrzen\u00edm kl\u00e1vesou Enter<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Te\u010f Nginx ukazuje v\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 nastaven\u00ed PHP na hlavn\u00ed str\u00e1nce webu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
http:\/\/IP_adresa<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Instalujeme MySQL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Nginx te\u010f dok\u00e1\u017ee spolupracovat s jazykem PHP, kter\u00fd zase um\u00ed komunikovat s MySQL. Poj\u010fme si tedy nainstalovat MySQL, abychom pomoc\u00ed PHP dok\u00e1zali ukl\u00e1dat \u00fadaje do datab\u00e1ze. Sta\u010d\u00ed jeden p\u0159\u00edkaz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt install mysql-server<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1vesu y<\/code> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b kl\u00e1vesu Enter<\/code> a po\u010dk\u00e1me na dokon\u010den\u00ed instalace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f se po instalaci MySQL doporu\u010duje spustit skript<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo mysql_secure_installation<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
ve kter\u00e9m na v\u0161echny ot\u00e1zky odpov\u00edme y<\/code> a stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1vesu Enter<\/code>. V procesu skriptu si zvol\u00edte je\u0161t\u011b \u201cpassword validation policy\u201d<\/code> na MEDIUM<\/em> (\u010d\u00edslo 1 + Enter<\/code>) a heslo pro \u00fa\u010det root p\u0159\u00edstupu do MySQL (nen\u00ed to stejn\u00e9 jako root Linuxu). V hesle pou\u017eijte minim\u00e1ln\u011b 8 znak\u016f – mal\u00e1 a velk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena, \u010d\u00edsla a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed znaky jako te\u010dka, \u010d\u00e1rka, dvojte\u010dka, zavin\u00e1\u010d, otazn\u00edk, vyk\u0159i\u010dn\u00edk, …<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zhrnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Nainstalovali jsme si trojici program\u016f, kter\u00e1 je nezbytn\u00e1 na zobrazen\u00ed webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. Webov\u00fd server Nginx dok\u00e1\u017ee zobrazit statick\u00e9 str\u00e1nky napsan\u00e9 v jazyc\u00edch HTML a JavaScript (frontend). Pokud ale Nginx nastav\u00edme tak, aby pou\u017e\u00edval i programovac\u00ed jazyk PHP, je mo\u017en\u00e9 str\u00e1nky dynamicky m\u011bnit na stran\u011b serveru (backend), p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e si \u00fadaje dok\u00e1\u017eeme ukl\u00e1dat i do datab\u00e1ze MySQL.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pod zkratkou LEMP se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 softv\u00e9rov\u00fd bal\u00edk pro Linux obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed webov\u00fd server Nginx (vyslovuje se \u201cEngine-X\u201d), datab\u00e1zov\u00fd server MySQL a programovac\u00ed jazyk PHP. Tato trojice se instaluje na zobrazen\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek napsan\u00fdch v jazyce PHP, kter\u00e9 si \u00fadaje ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed do datab\u00e1ze MySQL. Tento n\u00e1vod funguje na linuxov\u00e9m opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ht-kb-category":[48],"ht-kb-tag":[],"class_list":["post-836","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","ht_kb_category-vps"],"yoast_head":"\nJak v Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS nainstalovat Nginx, MySQL a PHP (LEMP) - Websupport Centrum n\u00e1pov\u011bdy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/podpora\/kb\/jak-v-ubuntu-linux-20-04-lts-nainstalovat-nginx-mysql-a-php-lemp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jak v Ubuntu Linux 20.04 LTS nainstalovat Nginx, MySQL a PHP (LEMP) - Websupport Centrum n\u00e1pov\u011bdy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pod zkratkou LEMP se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 softv\u00e9rov\u00fd bal\u00edk pro Linux obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed webov\u00fd server Nginx (vyslovuje se \u201cEngine-X\u201d), datab\u00e1zov\u00fd server MySQL a programovac\u00ed jazyk PHP. 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