{"id":824,"date":"2021-04-16T11:38:02","date_gmt":"2021-04-16T11:38:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.sourcecode.sk\/wsczkb\/?post_type=ht_kb&p=824"},"modified":"2021-10-12T14:05:52","modified_gmt":"2021-10-12T12:05:52","slug":"instalace-drupal-na-ubuntu-20-04-s-lemp","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/podpora\/kb\/instalace-drupal-na-ubuntu-20-04-s-lemp\/","title":{"rendered":"Instalace Drupal na Ubuntu 20.04 s LEMP"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pokud na Virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm serveru<\/a> (VPS) m\u00e1me nainstalovan\u00fd LEMP<\/a> (Linux, Nginx, MySQL a PHP) a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed certifik\u00e1t<\/a>, kone\u010dn\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme pustit do samotn\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u0161ak dok\u00e1\u017ee vytvo\u0159it web na zelen\u00e9 louce pomoc\u00ed jazyk\u016f jako HTML, JavaScript nebo PHP, a tak tu m\u00e1me syst\u00e9my spr\u00e1vy obsahu<\/strong> (anglick\u00e1 zkratka CMS<\/strong>, \u010dili C<\/strong>ontent M<\/strong>anagement S<\/strong>ystem).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Celosv\u011btov\u011b jeden z nejpopul\u00e1rn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejpou\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch CMS je rozhodn\u011b Drupal<\/a>. Jde o syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy obsahu, kter\u00fd n\u00e1m maxim\u00e1ln\u011b zjednodu\u0161\u00ed cel\u00fd proces tvorby webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. Web s unik\u00e1tn\u00edm vzhledem a obsahem dok\u00e1\u017eeme vytvo\u0159it bez programov\u00e1n\u00ed, sta\u010d\u00ed pouze klikat ve webov\u00e9m prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Nastavujeme webov\u00fd server Nginx<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Aby Drupal dok\u00e1zal zobrazit \u010dl\u00e1nky na trval\u00fdch odkazech (permalinks) v p\u011bkn\u00e9m form\u00e1tu (nam\u00edsto \/index.php\/ahoj-svete\/<\/code> bude na konci URL \/ahoj-svete\/<\/code>), mus\u00edme upravit konfigura\u010dn\u00ed soubor webov\u00e9ho serveru Nginx:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

sudo nano  \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/default<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
V konfigura\u010dn\u00edm souboru si najdeme \u0159\u00e1dek s obsahem server {<\/code> s n\u00e1sledn\u00fdm koment\u00e1\u0159em # SSL configuration<\/code> a v \u010d\u00e1sti location \/ {<\/code> uprav\u00edme hodnotu direktivy try_files<\/code> takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
try_files $uri $uri\/ \/index.php?$query_string =404;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pod direktivu ssl_dhparam je\u0161t\u011b vlo\u017e\u00edme tyto \u0159\u00e1dky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
proxy_connect_timeout 600;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
proxy_send_timeout 600;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
proxy_read_timeout 600;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
fastcgi_send_timeout 600;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
fastcgi_read_timeout 600;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Konfigura\u010dn\u00ed soubor ulo\u017e\u00edme pomoc\u00ed kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 zkratky Ctrl + X<\/code> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b stla\u010den\u00edm kl\u00e1vesy y<\/code> a potvrzen\u00edm kl\u00e1vesou Enter<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Restartujeme webov\u00fd server Nginx, aby se zm\u011bna v konfigura\u010dn\u00edm souboru projevila:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nastaven\u00ed webov\u00e9ho serveru Nginx pro pot\u0159eby Drupalu najdete v ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed dokumentaci projektu Nginx na adrese https:\/\/www.nginx.com\/resources\/wiki\/start\/topics\/recipes\/drupal\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nastavujeme PHP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je pot\u0159eba zabezpe\u010dit aktu\u00e1lnost v\u0161ech bal\u00edk\u016f. Nainstalujeme tedy v\u0161echen updatovan\u00fd software pomoc\u00ed dvou p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f v jedn\u00e9 d\u00e1vce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Kdy\u017e syst\u00e9m najde aktualizovateln\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky, takto se zept\u00e1, jestli je chcete za\u010d\u00edt instalovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do you want to continue? [Y\/n]<\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Stla\u010dte kl\u00e1vesu y<\/code> kdy\u017e chcete za\u010d\u00edt aktualiza\u010dn\u00ed proces nebo tla\u010d\u00edtko n<\/code>, kdy\u017e aktualizovat nechcete. N\u00e1sledn\u011b stla\u010dte kl\u00e1vesu Enter<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aby Drupal fungoval spr\u00e1vn\u011b jako celek, pot\u0159ebuje moduly, kter\u00e9 po b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 instalaci jazyka PHP nejsou k dispozici. T\u00edmto p\u0159\u00edkazem je tedy nainstalujeme:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt install php-curl php-gd php-imagick php-mbstring php-xml php-zip<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Syst\u00e9m se takto zept\u00e1, jestli moduly chcete za\u010d\u00edt instalovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do you want to continue? [Y\/n]<\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Stla\u010dte kl\u00e1vesu y<\/code> kdy\u017e chcete za\u010d\u00edt instala\u010dn\u00ed proces nebo tla\u010d\u00edtko n<\/code>, kdy\u017e aktualizovat nechcete. N\u00e1sledn\u011b stla\u010dte kl\u00e1vesu Enter<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zjist\u00edme si verzi PHP, kterou m\u00e1me nainstalovanou:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
php -v<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
abychom v spr\u00e1vn\u00e9m konfigura\u010dn\u00edm souboru php.ini<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo nano \/etc\/php\/7.4\/fpm\/php.ini<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
mohli nastavit tyto \u0159\u00e1dky:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
short_open_tag = On<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
cgi.fix_pathinfo = 0<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
max_execution_time = 600<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
max_input_time = 600<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
default_socket_timeout = 600<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
memory_limit = 256M<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
upload_max_filesize = 100M<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
post_max_size = 100M<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
date.timezone = Europe\/Bratislava<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Konfigura\u010dn\u00ed soubor ulo\u017e\u00edme pomoc\u00ed kl\u00e1vesov\u00e9 zkratky Ctrl + X<\/code> a n\u00e1sledn\u011b stla\u010den\u00edm kl\u00e1vesy y<\/code> a potvrzen\u00edm kl\u00e1vesou Enter<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Restartujeme zji\u0161t\u011bnou verzi PHP, aby se projevily zm\u011bny zapsan\u00e9 do konfigura\u010dn\u00edho souboru:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo systemctl restart php7.4-fpm<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00edme u\u017eivatele a datab\u00e1zi v MySQL<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Drupal textov\u00e9 \u00fadaje jako \u010dl\u00e1nky nebo koment\u00e1\u0159e ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 do datab\u00e1ze. Aby Drupal mohl s datab\u00e1zov\u00fdm serverem MySQL bezpe\u010dn\u011b komunikovat, mus\u00edme vytvo\u0159it nov\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele s omezen\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vy (nepou\u017eijeme u\u017eivatele root). Spust\u00edme tedy komunikaci s datab\u00e1zov\u00fdm serverem MySQL:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo mysql<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
vytvo\u0159\u00edme u\u017eivatele (zde tibor<\/code>), kter\u00e9mu p\u0159i\u0159ad\u00edme dostate\u010dn\u011b siln\u00e9 heslo (zde Toto.Hes1o.je:silne<\/code>). V hesle pou\u017eijeme minim\u00e1ln\u011b 8 znak\u016f \u2013 mal\u00e1 a velk\u00e1 p\u00edsmena, \u010d\u00edsla a speci\u00e1ln\u00ed znaky jako te\u010dka, \u010d\u00e1rka, dvojte\u010dka, zavin\u00e1\u010d, otazn\u00edk, vyk\u0159i\u010dn\u00edk<\/p>\n\n\n\n
create user 'tibor'@'localhost' identified by 'Toto.Hes1o.je:silne';<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
vytvo\u0159\u00edme datab\u00e1zi s n\u00e1zvem drupal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
create database drupal;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
a u\u017eivateli tibor<\/code> ud\u011bl\u00edme v\u0161echny pr\u00e1va na pr\u00e1ci s datab\u00e1z\u00ed drupal<\/code> takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
grant all privileges on drupal.* to 'tibor'@'localhost';<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
flush privileges;<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ukon\u010d\u00edme pr\u00e1ci s MySQL serverem:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
exit<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Instalujeme Drupal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Pred samotnou instalac\u00ed Drupalu vyma\u017eeme v\u0161echen obsah slo\u017eky html<\/code>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo rm -rf \/var\/www\/html\/*<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159em\u00edst\u00edme se do slo\u017eky html, kde budeme instalovat Drupal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
cd \/var\/www\/html<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
St\u00e1hneme (prvn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek), rozbal\u00edme (druh\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek) a p\u0159em\u00edst\u00edme (t\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek) pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 soubory a slo\u017eky aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed verze Drupalu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Znaky x.x.x<\/code> jsou pouze z\u00e1stupn\u00e9 a je pot\u0159eba je nahradit verz\u00ed, kterou zjist\u00edme z n\u00e1zvu rozbalen\u00e9 slo\u017eky (tu 9.0.1<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo wget https:\/\/www.drupal.org\/download-latest\/tar.gz<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo tar -zxvf tar.gz<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo mv drupal-x.x.x\/* .\/<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Vyma\u017eeme zbyte\u010dn\u00e9 slo\u017eky a soubory (prvn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek) a n\u00e1sledn\u011b ur\u010d\u00edme vlastnictv\u00ed a opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed soubor\u016f a slo\u017eek (posledn\u00ed 2 \u0159\u00e1dky):<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo rm -rf drupal-9.0.1 tar.gz<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/html<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/html<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ostatn\u00ed nastaven\u00ed zvl\u00e1dneme p\u0159es webov\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d na adrese serveru (zde vps.websupport.tech<\/code>) podle t\u011bchto krok\u016f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
  1. Choose language > \u010ce\u0161tina > Save and continue<\/li>
  2. V\u00fdb\u011br profilu > Standardn\u00ed > Ulo\u017eit a pokra\u010dovat<\/li>
  3. Nastaven\u00ed datab\u00e1ze > Jm\u00e9no datab\u00e1ze: drupal<\/li>
  4. Nastaven\u00ed datab\u00e1ze > P\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed jm\u00e9no: tibor<\/li>
  5. Nastaven\u00ed datab\u00e1ze > Heslo: Toto.Hes1o.je:silne<\/li>
  6. Nastaven\u00ed datab\u00e1ze > Ulo\u017eit a pokra\u010dovat<\/li>
  7. Nastaven\u00ed webu > N\u00e1zev web str\u00e1nky: Drupal<\/li>
  8. Nastaven\u00ed webu > Site email address: jmeno.prijmeni@domena.cz<\/li>
  9. Nastaven\u00ed webu > U\u017eivatelsk\u00e9 jm\u00e9no: tibor<\/li>
  10. Nastaven\u00ed webu > Heslo a potvrzen\u00ed hesla: Toto.Hes1o.je:silne<\/li>
  11. Nastaven\u00ed webu > P\u0159edvolen\u00e1 zem\u011b: \u010cesk\u00e1 republika <\/li>
  12. Nastaven\u00ed webu > Receive email notifications: odzna\u010d\u00edme<\/li>
  13. Nastaven\u00ed webu > Ulo\u017eit a pokra\u010dovat<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
    Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 instalaci se zobraz\u00ed \u00favodn\u00ed str\u00e1nka s nadpisem „V\u00edtejte na Drupal“ takto:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n
    Shrnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    Nastavili jsme webov\u00fd server Nginx, nainstalovali chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed moduly jazyka PHP, nastavili jsme n\u011bkter\u00e9 prom\u011bnn\u00e9 PHP a vytvo\u0159ili jsme nov\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele datab\u00e1zov\u00e9ho serveru MySQL, abychom n\u00e1sledn\u011b mohli nainstalovat CMS Drupal. \u010c\u00e1st instala\u010dn\u00edho procesu prob\u011bhl v p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00e9m \u0159\u00e1dku (linuxov\u00fd shell bash) a \u010d\u00e1st instalace ve webov\u00e9m prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010di. V\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed vlastnosti Drupalu je mo\u017en\u00e9 nastavit v grafick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed webov\u00e9ho prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010de. Stejn\u011b tak p\u0159es webov\u00fd prohl\u00ed\u017ee\u010d zrealizujeme instalace, aktualizace a p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00e9ho obsahu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Pokud na Virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm serveru (VPS) m\u00e1me nainstalovan\u00fd LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL a PHP) a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed certifik\u00e1t, kone\u010dn\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme pustit do samotn\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u0161ak dok\u00e1\u017ee vytvo\u0159it web na zelen\u00e9 louce pomoc\u00ed jazyk\u016f jako HTML, JavaScript nebo PHP, a tak tu m\u00e1me syst\u00e9my spr\u00e1vy obsahu (anglick\u00e1 zkratka CMS,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ht-kb-category":[48],"ht-kb-tag":[],"class_list":["post-824","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","ht_kb_category-vps"],"yoast_head":"\nInstalace Drupal na Ubuntu 20.04 s LEMP - Websupport Centrum n\u00e1pov\u011bdy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/podpora\/kb\/instalace-drupal-na-ubuntu-20-04-s-lemp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Instalace Drupal na Ubuntu 20.04 s LEMP - Websupport Centrum n\u00e1pov\u011bdy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pokud na Virtu\u00e1ln\u00edm serveru (VPS) m\u00e1me nainstalovan\u00fd LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL a PHP) a bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed certifik\u00e1t, kone\u010dn\u011b se m\u016f\u017eeme pustit do samotn\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek. 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