{"id":796,"date":"2021-04-13T14:29:29","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T14:29:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.sourcecode.sk\/wsczkb\/?post_type=ht_kb&p=796"},"modified":"2022-09-20T13:49:15","modified_gmt":"2022-09-20T11:49:15","slug":"docker-1-predstaveni-instalace-a-zakladni-operace","status":"publish","type":"ht_kb","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/podpora\/kb\/docker-1-predstaveni-instalace-a-zakladni-operace\/","title":{"rendered":"Docker – 1. P\u0159edstaven\u00ed, instalace a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed operace"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Docker je sada produkt\u016f a n\u00e1stroj\u016f typu platforma-jako-slu\u017eba (PaaS), kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed virtualizaci na \u00farovni opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu na dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru v bal\u00edc\u00edch naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch kontejnery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jde o software s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti jsou nab\u00edzen\u00e9 jako komer\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eba.  Mezi jeho hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody pat\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 na jak\u00e9m opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu a s jak\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji aplikaci vyv\u00edj\u00edte. Docker<\/a> pomoc\u00ed izolovan\u00fdch kontejner\u016f zabezpe\u010duje jednotn\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro Windows, MacOS i Linux. <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edklad: Vyv\u00edj\u00edme aplikaci v jazyku PHP pod opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem Ubuntu 20.04, na kter\u00e9m b\u011b\u017e\u00ed LEMP<\/a>. Jeden z v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159\u016f ale pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 Windows, jin\u00fd zase MacOS. Nemus\u00ed si v\u0161ak instalovat ani virtualizovat kompletn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Ubuntu 20.04 a nastavovat LEMP, proto\u017ee Docker m\u00e1 p\u0159edp\u0159ipraven\u00fd obraz (image) p\u0159esn\u011b pro pot\u0159eby zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Docker v\u00fdrazn\u011b uleh\u010duje a automatizuje v\u00fdvoj softwaru, jeho distribuci a provoz. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za hlavn\u00edm v\u00fdvojem stoj\u00ed spole\u010dnost Docker Inc., kterou zalo\u017eili Solomon Hykes a Sebastien Pahl b\u011bhem Y Combinator Summer 2010, co\u017e je startup inkub\u00e1tor a spustili ji v roce 2011. Hykes za\u010dal Docker projekt ve Francii jako intern\u00ed projekt pro dotCloud, co\u017e byla platform-as-a-service spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Docker byl ve\u0159ejnosti p\u0159edstaven\u00fd v Santa Clara na konferenci PyCon v roku 2013. Jako open-source bol uvoln\u011bn\u00fd v b\u0159eznu 2013. V tom \u010dase pou\u017e\u00edval LXC, ale pozd\u011bji p\u0159e\u0161el ve verzi 0.9 na vlastn\u00ed b\u011bhov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed napsan\u00e9 v jazyku Go (Golang). V roce 2017 Docker vytvo\u0159il projekt Moby, kter\u00fd slou\u017e\u00ed na v\u00fdzkum a testov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, z\u00e1rove\u0148 jde o upstream pro Docker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pojmy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Koncept projektu Docker je postaven\u00fd na n\u011bkolika pil\u00ed\u0159\u00edch, kter\u00e9 si zde kr\u00e1tce p\u0159edstav\u00edme a podrobn\u011bji prozkoum\u00e1me v dal\u0161\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech tohoto seri\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obraz (Image)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jde o \u0161ablonu, kter\u00e1 je ur\u010den\u00e1 pouze pro \u010dten\u00ed a je ulo\u017een\u00e1 v registru jako nap\u0159\u00edklad hub.docker.com<\/code>. Podle t\u00e9to \u0161ablony Docker vytvo\u0159\u00ed kontejner<\/code> nebo v\u00edcero kontejner\u016f. Bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed specifikace, podle kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 Docker z obrazu vytvo\u0159it kontejner, se zapisuje do textov\u00e9ho souboru s n\u00e1zvem Dockerfile<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dockerfile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Jde o textov\u00fd soubor s n\u00e1zvem Dockerfile<\/code>, do kter\u00e9ho p\u00ed\u0161eme n\u00e1vod a p\u0159\u00edkazy pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kontejneru. Takto nap\u0159\u00edklad nech\u00e1me vytvo\u0159it kontejner, kter\u00fd z registru hub.docker.com<\/code> st\u00e1hne a spust\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Ubuntu v nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verzi (prvn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek) a n\u00e1sledn\u011b v n\u011bm aktualizuje v\u0161echen software a nainstaluje n\u00e1stroje pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 na sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed ostatn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f (druh\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FROM ubuntu:latest<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
RUN apt-get -y update && apt-get -y upgrade && apt-get install -y build-essential<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Ve slo\u017ece, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed textov\u00fd soubor Dockerfile<\/code>, te\u010f v termin\u00e1lu spust\u00edme kontejner z obrazu (image) ubuntu.latest:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
docker run -i -t ubuntu \/bin\/bash<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Takto spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd kontejner s n\u00e1zvem ubuntu<\/code> v termin\u00e1lu zobraz\u00ed bash<\/code> a m\u016f\u017eeme za\u010d\u00edt ps\u00e1t p\u0159\u00edkazy do pr\u00e1v\u011b na\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Ubuntu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V produkci doporu\u010dujeme nepou\u017e\u00edvat obrazy s ozna\u010den\u00edm :latest<\/code>, ale konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed verze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kontejner (Container)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Jde o spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd obraz (image) – nap\u0159\u00edklad ten, kter\u00fd jsme v\u00fd\u0161e spustili p\u0159\u00edkazem docker run -i -t ubuntu \/bin\/bash<\/code>. Kontejnery jsou \u00fapln\u011b nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b izolovan\u00e9 od hostitelsk\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu a m\u016f\u017eeme je vytvo\u0159it, spustit, zastavit, p\u0159esunout nebo smazat. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Obsah (Volume)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Kontejnery jsou sv\u00fdm konceptem bezstavov\u00e9 a neperzistetn\u00ed. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee o jejich data p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00edme po jejich zru\u0161en\u00ed. V re\u00e1ln\u00e9m pou\u017eit\u00ed ale \u010dasto pot\u0159ebujeme s daty na \u00farovni adres\u00e1\u0159\u016f a soubor\u016f pracovat. Obsah<\/code> (Volume) umo\u017enuje data z hostitelsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu p\u0159ipojit ke kontejneru. Je to princip dost podobn\u00fd mount<\/code> v Linuxov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u00ed\u0165 (Network)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
S\u00ed\u0165 v docker kontejnerech slou\u017e\u00ed na jeho propojen\u00ed s hostitelsk\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad pot\u0159ebujeme komunikaci webov\u00e9ho serveru Nginx otev\u0159\u00edt na portu \u010d\u00edslo 80 v kontejneru a propojit ji na port \u010d\u00edslo 8080 na hostitelsk\u00e9m po\u010d\u00edta\u010di.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Docker umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed mezi konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmi kontejnery, co\u017e m\u00e1 v\u00fdhodu u komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Docker Compose<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Jde o n\u00e1stroj, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017eeme v\u00fdrazn\u011b zjednodu\u0161it vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a nastaven\u00ed komplexn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed z v\u00edcer\u00fdch kontejner\u016f, s\u00edt\u00ed a dat. Nastaven\u00ed pro n\u00e1stroj Compose ukl\u00e1d\u00e1me do  textov\u00e9ho souboru s n\u00e1zvem docker-compose.yml<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Docker Swarm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
N\u00e1stroj, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu m\u016f\u017eeme spravovat v\u00edcero instalac\u00ed projektu Docker (nody). Zabezpe\u010duje orchestraci takov\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdy a pro\u010d Docker pou\u017e\u00edvat<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Existuje n\u011bkolik vlastnost\u00ed projektu Docker, d\u00edky kter\u00fdm je v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 ho pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Reprodukovatelnost a pr\u00e1ce v t\u00fdmu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Na ka\u017ed\u00e9m opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 nainstalovan\u00fd Docker, je mo\u017en\u00e9 spustit obraz (image) a vytvo\u0159it tak kontejner se stejn\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm. Windows, MacOS nebo Linux – nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, kter\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me. Pokud tedy ve v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m t\u00fdme \u010dlenov\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, nemus\u00ed si nainstalovat nebo pln\u011b virtualizovat jin\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Sta\u010d\u00ed nainstalovat Docker a spustit kontejner s po\u017eadovan\u00fdm opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem a n\u00e1stroji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Izolace a rychlost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Instalace a nastaven\u00ed jak\u00fdchkoliv n\u00e1stroj\u016f v kontejneru nijak nevlivn\u00ed hostitelsk\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m ani jin\u00fd kontejner. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na jednom serveru m\u016f\u017eeme m\u00edt spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd v jednom kontejneru webov\u00fd server a v druh\u00e9m datab\u00e1zov\u00fd server, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e se nemus\u00edme starat o p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti a konflikty z nich vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed. Takto m\u016f\u017eeme rychle nastavit v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed s po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji a zkou\u0161et r\u016fzn\u00e9 alternativy bez ohro\u017een\u00ed stability hostitelsk\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bezpe\u010dnost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Izolace jednotliv\u00fdch komponent\u016f m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159in\u00e9st zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 jde o zp\u016fsob jak se izolovan\u011b daj\u00ed provozovat star\u0161\u00ed aplikace nap\u0159\u00edklad u\u017e bez dostupn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 podpory. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kdy Docker rad\u0161i nepou\u017e\u00edt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ka\u017ed\u00e1 technologie je dobr\u00e1 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech a v jin\u00fdch zase m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00fdhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed s\u00e1hnout po jin\u00e9m \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Toto jsou p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy se Docker nevyplat\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Komplikovanost a rychlost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Pokud je aplikace p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 komplikovan\u00e1 a pot\u0159ebujeme, aby byla co nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed, Docker nen\u00ed dobr\u00fd n\u00e1pad. P\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 toti\u017e dal\u0161\u00ed vrstvy, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed mezi hostitelsk\u00fdm opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem a aplikac\u00ed, co\u017e p\u0159irozen\u011b celkovou rychlost aplikace zpomaluje. Jednodu\u0161e, pokud aplikace pot\u0159ebuje v\u00edce zdroj\u016f a je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 ji horizont\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161k\u00e1lovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Aplikace s grafick\u00fdm u\u017eivatelsk\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm (GUI)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Pokud vyv\u00edj\u00edme aplikaci, kter\u00e1 se obsluhuje v grafick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed my\u0161\u00ed (tedy ne v\u00fdhradn\u011b p\u0159es p\u0159\u00edkazov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1dek), Docker nen\u00ed vhodn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj. V takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b je lep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt po\u010d\u00edta\u010d s po\u017eadovan\u00fdm opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem nebo virtualizovat kompletn\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Instalujeme Docker<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Uk\u00e1\u017eeme si instalaci projektu Docker na opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu Ubuntu 20.04. Instalace pro opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my Windows a MacOS prob\u00edh\u00e1 v grafick\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed Docker Desktop<\/a>, kter\u00fd n\u00e1s provede cel\u00fdm procesem instalace. P\u0159\u00edkazy projektu Docker v\u0161ak budou fungovat na ka\u017ed\u00e9m opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu stejn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je pot\u0159eba zabezpe\u010dit aktu\u00e1lnost v\u0161ech bal\u00edk\u016f. Nainstalujeme tedy v\u0161echen updatovan\u00fd software pomoc\u00ed dvou p\u0159\u00edkaz\u016f v jedn\u00e9 d\u00e1vce:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Pokud syst\u00e9m najde aktualizovateln\u00e9 bal\u00ed\u010dky, takto se zept\u00e1, jestli je chcete za\u010d\u00edt instalovat:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do you want to continue? [Y\/n]<\/em><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1vesu y<\/code> kdy\u017e chceme za\u010d\u00edt aktualiza\u010dn\u00ed proces nebo kl\u00e1ves n<\/code>, pokud aktualizovat nechceme. N\u00e1sledn\u011b stla\u010d\u00edme kl\u00e1vesu Enter<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u011bt\u0161ina Linuxov\u00fdch distribuc\u00ed m\u00e1 ve sv\u00fdch repozit\u00e1\u0159\u00edch Docker. Pokud chcete pracovat s aktu\u00e1ln\u00edmi verzemi, doporu\u010dujeme j\u00edt cestou ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho skriptu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na instalaci projektu Docker pou\u017eijeme ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed skript, kter\u00fd instalaci v termin\u00e1lu zjednodu\u0161\u00ed na 2 p\u0159\u00edkazy:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
curl -fsSL https:\/\/get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
sudo sh get-docker.sh<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Odte\u010f m\u016f\u017eeme spou\u0161t\u011bt kontejnery a vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje projektu Docker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud byste cht\u011bli pou\u017e\u00edvat Docker jako u\u017eivatel bez root opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed, m\u011bli byste zv\u00e1\u017eit p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele do skupiny \u201edocker\u201c nap\u0159\u00edklad jako:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo usermod -aG docker u\u017eivatel<\/pre>\n\n\n\n
N\u011bkdy je nutn\u00e9 se jako u\u017eivatel odhl\u00e1sit a n\u00e1sledn\u011b zase p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Shrnut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Nadefinovali jsme si, co je Docker, kdy je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt ho a kdy rad\u0161i ne. Nainstalovali jsme Docker a uk\u00e1zali jsme si, jak v n\u011bm jednodu\u0161e a rychle spustit prost\u0159ed\u00ed Linuxov\u00e9 distribuce Ubuntu. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Docker je sada produkt\u016f a n\u00e1stroj\u016f typu platforma-jako-slu\u017eba (PaaS), kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed virtualizaci na \u00farovni opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu na dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru v bal\u00edc\u00edch naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch kontejnery. Jde o software s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem. N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti jsou nab\u00edzen\u00e9 jako komer\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eba.  Mezi jeho hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdhody pat\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee nen\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 na jak\u00e9m opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"ht-kb-category":[126],"ht-kb-tag":[],"class_list":["post-796","ht_kb","type-ht_kb","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","ht_kb_category-docker"],"yoast_head":"\nDocker - 1. P\u0159edstaven\u00ed, instalace a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed operace - Websupport Centrum n\u00e1pov\u011bdy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/podpora\/kb\/docker-1-predstaveni-instalace-a-zakladni-operace\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Docker - 1. P\u0159edstaven\u00ed, instalace a z\u00e1kladn\u00ed operace - Websupport Centrum n\u00e1pov\u011bdy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Docker je sada produkt\u016f a n\u00e1stroj\u016f typu platforma-jako-slu\u017eba (PaaS), kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed virtualizaci na \u00farovni opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu na dod\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed softwaru v bal\u00edc\u00edch naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch kontejnery. Jde o software s otev\u0159en\u00fdm zdrojov\u00fdm k\u00f3dem. 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