{"id":3416,"date":"2015-11-19T17:00:08","date_gmt":"2015-11-19T16:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.websupport.cz\/?p=3416"},"modified":"2025-03-11T21:18:24","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T20:18:24","slug":"je-vas-web-v-bezpeci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/blog\/2015\/11\/je-vas-web-v-bezpeci\/","title":{"rendered":"Je v\u00e1\u0161 web v bezpe\u010d\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Webhostingy jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00edm ter\u010dem hacker\u016f, proto\u017ee velmi mnoho webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 komunitn\u011b vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 aplikace, jako nap\u0159. WordPress, Joomla, Drupal apod. Tyto aplikace maj\u00ed sv\u016fj zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d voln\u011b dostupn\u00fd ke sta\u017een\u00ed, a proto nic nebr\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi analyzovat tento k\u00f3d a vytvo\u0159it exploit<\/a>, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/p>\n

Aby byl kyber\u00fatok hacker\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstupy na mnoho server\u016f, ze kter\u00fdch si um\u00ed ud\u011blat s\u00ed\u0165 softwarov\u00fdch robot\u016f, tzv. botnet<\/a>. \u00datoky se v\u0161ak daj\u00ed d\u011blat i v men\u0161\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku, ale jen velmi z\u0159\u00eddka si d\u00e1 hacker n\u00e1mahu a prolom\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost webov\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n

Co z toho hacke\u0159i maj\u00ed?<\/b><\/h3>\n

D\u016fvod, pro\u010d se n\u011bkdo zab\u00fdv\u00e1 infikov\u00e1n\u00edm aplikac\u00ed b\u011b\u017e\u00edc\u00edch na hostingu je ten, \u017ee po z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu si tam \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee nahr\u00e1t sv\u016fj k\u00f3d a spou\u0161t\u011bt j\u00edm zvolen\u00e9 skripty, kter\u00e9 mohou d\u011blat v\u0161echno, co je na serveru povoleno.<\/p>\n

V 99 % je to pr\u00e1ce robot\u016f (naprogramovan\u00fd software). Robot skenuje internet a tam, kde najde d\u00edru v k\u00f3du str\u00e1nky se „zastav\u00ed“, ulo\u017e\u00ed sv\u016fj k\u00f3d a jde d\u00e1l. Tento ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed ciz\u00ed k\u00f3d m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit bu\u010f „jen“ nefunk\u010dnost str\u00e1nky, v hor\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech je v\u0161ak ni\u010den\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed a trval\u00e9.
\nVelmi \u010dast\u00fdm \u00fakazem je za\u0159azen\u00ed serveru do botnetu, kter\u00fd rozes\u00edl\u00e1 miliony spamov\u00fdch e-mail\u016f denn\u011b. Obsahem takov\u00fdch e-mail\u016f jsou \u010dasto nab\u00eddky na pofid\u00e9rn\u00ed produkty (viagra, r\u016fzn\u00e1 „ud\u011bl\u00e1tka“ \u010di nigerijsk\u00fd investor), kter\u00e9 se sna\u017e\u00ed nal\u00e1kat lidi ke koupi.<\/p>\n

Mohou v\u0161ak obsahovat i jin\u00e9 formy \u00fatoku, jako nap\u0159. Phishing<\/a>, kdy se \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk sna\u017e\u00ed z\u00edskat p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed \u00fadaje do jin\u00fdch str\u00e1nek (nap\u0159. webmail – op\u011bt na rozes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed spamu, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b nebo internet banking aj.). K \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu p\u0159\u00edstupu server\u016f m\u00e1 \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk p\u0159\u00edstup, t\u00edm je v\u00edce flexibiln\u00ed, aby byl jeho \u00fatok siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a konstantn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Jak to vlastn\u011b d\u011blaj\u00ed?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed bu\u010f ve\u0159ejn\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 zranitelnosti v aplikac\u00edch, nebo dokonce sami hledaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak nahr\u00e1t na hosting sv\u016fj k\u00f3d<\/a>. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b se st\u00e1v\u00e1 trendem vkl\u00e1dat infikovan\u00fd k\u00f3d do pr\u00e9miov\u00fdch t\u00e9mat a plugin\u016f, kter\u00e9 se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed pomoc\u00ed P2P s\u00edt\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b na \u00falo\u017ei\u0161t\u00edch. Re\u017eie \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka na infiltraci sv\u00e9ho skriptu je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed a spol\u00e9h\u00e1 se na kooperaci s program\u00e1torem (u\u017eivatelem aplikace), kter\u00fd infikovan\u00fd bal\u00edk nainstaluje do sv\u00e9 aplikace.<\/p>\n

\"hacknuty-hosting\"<\/p>\n

Co m\u016f\u017ee hacknut\u00fd web zp\u016fsobit?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Kdy\u017e \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk z\u00edsk\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edstup na hosting, tak m\u00e1 stejn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti na hostingu, jako kdy\u017e se opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd u\u017eivatel p\u0159ihl\u00e1s\u00ed p\u0159es FTP – ba dokonce je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f chce \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk profitovat z mo\u017enosti m\u00edt aktivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k velk\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed server\u016f a podle sv\u00fdch pot\u0159eb je zapojit do botnetu, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee kdykoliv vyu\u017e\u00edt k dal\u0161\u00edmu \u00fatoku. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee pro \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka je mnohem efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00edt mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt server pro sv\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, jak se prozradit maz\u00e1n\u00edm dat. Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u00fatoky, kter\u00e9 se specifikuj\u00ed v \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed soubor\u016f a za poplatek je roz\u0161ifruj\u00ed. Je ale velk\u00e1 pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk z\u00edsk\u00e1 \u00fadaje k datab\u00e1zi a bude m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup i k citliv\u00fdm \u00fadaj\u016fm.<\/p>\n

Jak sa br\u00e1nit?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Jedna z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bc\u00ed je aktualizace aplikac\u00ed, aby byly v\u017edy v aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed verzi. To zajist\u00ed, \u017ee bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed d\u00edry, kter\u00e9 byly objeveny, jsou opraveny a \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk nebude moci pou\u017e\u00edt tuto chybu, aby nahr\u00e1l na hosting sv\u016fj k\u00f3d. Takt\u00e9\u017e je vhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt i bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed pluginy, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, aby p\u0159i zkou\u0161en\u00ed zranitelnosti \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk nebyl schopen identifikovat aplikaci, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b jej\u00ed verzi. Takov\u00e9 pluginy m\u011bn\u00ed URL na p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed do administrace, schov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v <meta> taz\u00edch verzi aplikac\u00ed apod. Ur\u010dit\u011b nestahujte pluginy z warez f\u00f3r, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b z nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch str\u00e1nek, proto\u017ee je velmi velk\u00e1 \u0161ance, \u017ee budou obsahovat \u0161kodliv\u00fd k\u00f3d.<\/p>\n

Jak se br\u00e1n\u00edme proti hacker\u016fm ve WebSupportu?<\/b><\/h3>\n

Vyv\u00edj\u00edme vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj (Web Scanner), kter\u00fd pravideln\u011b skenuje hostingy a sna\u017e\u00ed se naj\u00edt infikovan\u00e9 soubory. Pokud se mu poda\u0159\u00ed naj\u00edt napaden\u00fd hosting, omez\u00edme jeho funk\u010dnost v co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e, aby infikovan\u00fd skript nebyl schopen vykon\u00e1vat aktivitu. N\u00e1sledn\u011b okam\u017eit\u011b upozor\u0148ujeme z\u00e1kazn\u00edka a navrhneme mu vhodn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Zkontrolujte, zda je va\u0161e str\u00e1nka v bezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/b><\/h3>\n

Kontrolu vlastn\u00edho hostingu m\u016f\u017eete prov\u00e9st kdykoliv ve vlastn\u00ed re\u017eii. Snadno tak zjist\u00edte, zda neobsahuje malware nebo jin\u00fd \u0161kodliv\u00fd skript. Sta\u010d\u00ed se p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit do WebAdminu a ve spr\u00e1v\u011b hostingu naj\u00edt Web Scanner<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Pokud chcete vyzkou\u0161et jin\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, otestujte Sucuri<\/a>. M\u00e1te zku\u0161enosti s jin\u00fdmi n\u00e1stroji, doporu\u010dte n\u00e1m je v koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Webhostingy jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00edm ter\u010dem hacker\u016f, proto\u017ee velmi mnoho webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 komunitn\u011b vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 aplikace, jako nap\u0159. WordPress, Joomla, Drupal apod. Tyto aplikace maj\u00ed sv\u016fj zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d voln\u011b dostupn\u00fd ke sta\u017een\u00ed, a proto nic nebr\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkovi analyzovat tento k\u00f3d a vytvo\u0159it exploit, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1\u017ee n\u00e1sledn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt. Aby byl kyber\u00fatok hacker\u016f \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd, pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstupy na mnoho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3444,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,52],"tags":[20,136,135,8,355,356,19,331],"class_list":["post-3416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologie","category-tipy-a-triky","tag-bezpecnost","tag-hack","tag-hacking","tag-hosting","tag-napadeni","tag-ochrana","tag-websupport","tag-wordpress"],"yoast_head":"\nJe v\u00e1\u0161 web v bezpe\u010d\u00ed?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Webhostingy jsou ide\u00e1ln\u00edm ter\u010dem hacker\u016f, proto\u017ee velmi mnoho webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nek vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 komunitn\u011b vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 aplikace, jako nap\u0159. 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