{"id":2807,"date":"2014-03-19T16:51:53","date_gmt":"2014-03-19T15:51:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.websupport.cz\/?p=2807"},"modified":"2025-03-11T21:18:18","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T20:18:18","slug":"zbrojime-na-souboj-se-spamem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/blog\/2014\/03\/zbrojime-na-souboj-se-spamem\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbroj\u00edme na souboj se spamem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ve WebSupportu<\/a> p\u0159ijmeme i po\u0161leme denn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b milion e-mailov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. Odfiltrovat p\u0159i takov\u00e9m provozu spamy si krom\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9 pozornosti a mno\u017estv\u00ed operativy vy\u017eaduje i osobitou kombinaci v\u011bdy a um\u011bn\u00ed. V tomto blogu prozrad\u00edme n\u011bco o tom, jak se nyn\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00edme p\u0159ed spamem a co v t\u00e9to oblasti chyst\u00e1me v budoucnu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed po\u0161tu t\u0159\u00edd\u00edme nejprve tak, \u017ee kontrolujeme, zda se po\u0161tovn\u00ed server odes\u00edlatele nach\u00e1z\u00ed na seznamu odes\u00edlatel\u016f spam\u016f. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me na to n\u011bkolik free slu\u017eeb a jednu placenou, se kterou jsme velmi spokojeni (Spamhaus). Jeliko\u017e se na ciz\u00ed SMTP servery datazujeme \u0159\u00e1dov\u011b desettis\u00edckr\u00e1t denn\u011b, je pro n\u00e1s technicky v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 synchronizovat si datab\u00e1zi Spamhaus lok\u00e1ln\u011b. N\u011bkdy se na blacklisty dostanou i p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b legitimn\u00ed servery, ned\u00e1vno nap\u0159\u00edklad stroj od gmail.com. Pokud v\u00e1m tedy nep\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed z vybran\u00e9ho sm\u011bru po\u0161ta, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt z d\u016fvodu, kter\u00fd ani my neovlivn\u00edme.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1stroje a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed<\/h4>\n

Na filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed legitimn\u00ed po\u0161ty od spam\u016f jsme v minulosti pou\u017e\u00edvali open-sourcov\u00fd SpamAssassin, ale z\u00e1v\u011brem lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku jsme p\u0159e\u0161li na komer\u010dn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v r\u00e1mci technick\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce s ESETem<\/a>. Zlep\u0161ila se n\u00e1m tak kvalita detekce spam\u016f a odpadla pr\u00e1ce s lad\u011bn\u00edm. P\u0159i\u0161li jsme o n\u011bkter\u00e9 mo\u017enosti p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed pro u\u017eivatele a tak\u00e9 o pocit, \u017ee vid\u00edme \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed „pod kapotu“. P\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed spamy automaticky nema\u017eeme, jen je ozna\u010d\u00edme na\u0161im u\u017eivatel\u016fm jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed spam a zbytek pr\u00e1ce p\u0159enech\u00e1v\u00e1me nastaven\u00edm a antispamov\u00fdm softwarem na stran\u011b na\u0161ich z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed kontrolou p\u0159i p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed e-mailu je kontrola SPF (Sender Policy Framework)\u00a0z\u00e1znamu dom\u00e9ny odes\u00edlatele. SPF z\u00e1znam, pokud existuje, definuje seznam povolen\u00fdch mailserver\u016f, z nich\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ich\u00e1zet po\u0161ta, a ur\u010duje, co se m\u00e1 d\u011blat, kdy\u017e p\u0159ijde z jin\u00e9ho mailserveru. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee SPF z\u00e1znam m\u00e1 nastaveno natvrdo odm\u00edtnut\u00ed po\u0161ty z ciz\u00edch mailserver\u016f, tak ji odm\u00edtneme. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee po\u0161ta nen\u00ed odm\u00edtnuta, p\u0159id\u00e1 se jen hlavi\u010dka Received-SPF, kterou je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad ve filtrech.<\/p>\n

Blacklisty a zneu\u017eit\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/h4>\n

\u0158e\u0161it p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed spamy je pro n\u00e1s – p\u0159ekvapiv\u011b – ta leh\u010d\u00ed v\u011bc: n\u00e1\u0161 hlavn\u00ed probl\u00e9m je ochr\u00e1nit si infrastrukturu p\u0159ed zneu\u017eit\u00edm na pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed spam\u016f sm\u011brem ven do sv\u011bta. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed technick\u00fd probl\u00e9m s odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00edm spam\u016f ven je ten, \u017ee se pak dost\u00e1v\u00e1me na blacklisty a d\u00edky tomu \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed na\u0161i z\u00e1kazn\u00edci nemohou doru\u010dovat e-maily na vybran\u00e9 destinace.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e u\u017e se dostaneme na blacklisty, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zdlouhav\u00e1, nebo\u0165 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd poskytovatel nekomunikuje se sv\u011btem o tom, kdy, jak a za jak\u00fdch podm\u00ednek v\u00e1s z blacklistu odstran\u00ed. Jsou takov\u00ed jako Microsoft (hotmail.com, seznam.cz, atd..), kte\u0159\u00ed alespo\u0148 p\u0159es zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed str\u00e1nku daj\u00ed k dispozici n\u00e1hled probl\u00e9mov\u00fdch e-mail\u016f. To, \u017ee tam \u010dasto vid\u00edme zcela legitimn\u00ed e-maily na\u0161ich z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, ozna\u010deny jako spam, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed o tom, co je a co nen\u00ed spam, je slo\u017eit\u00fd, nejen technick\u00fd, ale i pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u010di mor\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9m.<\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdrojem odchoz\u00edch spam\u016f jsou napaden\u00e9 a zneu\u017eit\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, e-mailov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy a VPS servery na\u0161ich z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. Jako poskytovatel webhostingov\u00fdch a e-mailov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb nem\u00e1me t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u017e\u00e1dnou kontrolu nad t\u00edm, jak\u00e9 str\u00e1nky hostujeme a kdo jakou po\u0161tu odes\u00edl\u00e1. Sna\u017e\u00edme se weby na\u0161ich z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f chr\u00e1nit plo\u0161n\u011b p\u0159ed \u00fatokem zven\u010d\u00ed. V sou\u010dasnosti testujeme \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed mod_security modulu do apache serveru. Je v\u0161ak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt jeho pokro\u010dil\u00e9 vlastnosti tak, abychom neomezili funk\u010dnost z\u00e1kaznick\u00fdch web\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vel\u00edme do zbran\u011b<\/h4>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ochranou p\u0159ed spamem z webserver\u016f je vy\u017eadovat od ka\u017ed\u00e9ho odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho e-mailu, aby m\u011bl legitimn\u00ed adresu odes\u00edlatele, kter\u00e1 re\u00e1ln\u011b odpov\u00edd\u00e1 po\u0161tovn\u00ed schr\u00e1nce na na\u0161ich mailov\u00fdch serverech. Po t\u00e9to kontrole posouv\u00e1me emaily antispam \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nastaven\u00e9mu tak, aby nepos\u00edlal d\u00e1le emaily ozna\u010den\u00e9 jen s vysokou jistotou jako spam. Sofistikovanost spammer\u016f v t\u00e9to oblasti je ale neust\u00e1l\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem. Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b se n\u00e1m nejh\u016f\u0159e rozpozn\u00e1vaj\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 phisingov\u00fdch e-maily s \u00fatoky na online banking syst\u00e9my v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, ale i r\u016fzn\u00e9 kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 a nekone\u010dn\u011b se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed „nigerijsk\u00e9“ dopisy.<\/p>\n

Na lep\u0161\u00ed detekci spam\u016f jsme ned\u00e1vno zavedli syst\u00e9m takzvan\u00fdch „honeypot<\/a>“ n\u00e1strah . Na na\u0161e vlastn\u00ed str\u00e1nky p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1me neviditeln\u00e9 odkazy na um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 po\u0161tovn\u00ed schr\u00e1nky. Ty slou\u017e\u00ed jako n\u00e1strahy bottom spammer\u016fm: jak\u00e1koliv po\u0161ta, sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed do t\u011bchto schr\u00e1nek, bude tedy zaru\u010den\u011b pokl\u00e1d\u00e1na za spam a d\u00e1 se n\u00e1sledn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edt jako pravidlo p\u0159i odli\u0161en\u00ed od legitimn\u00edho po\u0161ty. Zde bychom r\u00e1di vyzvali na\u0161e z\u00e1kazn\u00edky a fanou\u0161ky: pokud jste ochotni um\u00edstit si takovou neviditelnou n\u00e1strahu spamer\u016f i na va\u0161i str\u00e1nku, ozv\u011bte se mi<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Velkou roli p\u0159i ochran\u011b hraj\u00ed n\u00e1\u0161 monitoring a na\u0161e statistika. Neust\u00e1le vyhodnocujeme po\u010dty odchoz\u00edch zpr\u00e1v podle r\u016fzn\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed a hled\u00e1me anom\u00e1lie. Typick\u00fdm jevem hacknut\u00e9ho webu z\u00e1kazn\u00edka, zneu\u017eit\u00e9ho na pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed spam\u016f, je jeho neobvykle zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 e-mailov\u00e1 aktivita, p\u0159i kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9, ale p\u0159ece n\u011bjakou \u010d\u00e1st po\u0161ty ozna\u010denou jako spam. Z\u00e1sahy d\u011bl\u00e1me zat\u00edm ru\u010dn\u011b a je to pom\u011brn\u011b pracn\u00e9. Do budoucna proto zva\u017eujeme syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd by jednak s\u00e1m rozpozn\u00e1val anom\u00e1lie v „e-mailov\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed“ na\u0161ich u\u017eivatel\u016f, a tak\u00e9 prov\u00e1d\u011bl n\u011bkter\u00e9 typy ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed automaticky.<\/p>\n

\u010casto se tak\u00e9 st\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edci napadnou dom\u00e1c\u00ed nebo firemn\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010d na\u0161eho u\u017eivatele a st\u00e1hnou si p\u0159ihla\u0161ovac\u00ed \u00fadaje na na\u0161e SMTP servery, kter\u00e9 pak pou\u017eij\u00ed k rozes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed spam\u016f. V minulosti sta\u010dilo omezovat p\u0159\u00edstupy na po\u0161tovn\u00ed servery podle IP adresy p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 zem\u011b. St\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji v\u0161ak vid\u00edme, \u017ee m\u00edt IP adresy ze Slovenska nen\u00ed probl\u00e9m ani pro spammery z druh\u00e9ho konce zem\u011bkoule. Sami jsme \u010dasto ter\u010dem nab\u00eddek r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u0159ekupn\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1m nab\u00edzej\u00ed IP adresy z ledajak\u00e9 ciz\u00ed zem\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u00datoky na SMTP servery<\/h4>\n

Specifickou kapitolou jsou r\u016fzn\u00e9 brute-force nebo DDoS \u00fatoky na na\u0161e samotn\u00e9 SMTP servery. N\u011bkdy ani sami nech\u00e1peme smysl toho, na\u010d \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk dokola opakuje tent\u00fd\u017e \u00fatok na na\u0161i e-mailovou infrastrukturu, kdy\u017e je ne\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd. Pokud ale \u00fatok nezafunguje, st\u00e1le je pro n\u00e1s velk\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, kdy\u017e se opakuje stovky r\u00e1z za sekundu. N\u011bco filtrujeme na inteligentn\u00edch switchoch (Cisco 4500), n\u011bco hned modulem postscreen v Postfix, ale chceme to v\u0161e je\u0161t\u011b vylep\u0161it. Zaj\u00edmav\u00fd n\u00e1pad je sd\u011blovat sv\u011btu IP adresu mailserver\u016f podle toho, z jak\u00e9 zem\u011b p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed dotaz. Pro m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9 zem\u011b chceme vy\u010dlenit samostatnou, ale funk\u010dn\u00ed SMTP infrastrukturu, kter\u00e1 by v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00fatokem omezila p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed po\u0161ty z dan\u00fdch zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Navzdory v\u0161em jmenovan\u00fdm technologi\u00edm je to st\u00e1le dost o manu\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1ci. Zde se chceme nejv\u00edce posunout a hledat v budoucnu zp\u016fsoby, jak v\u011bt\u0161inu t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ce zautomatizovat.\u00a0Tolik stru\u010dn\u011b o na\u0161em boji se spammery.<\/p>\n

Miroslav Pikus<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ve WebSupportu p\u0159ijmeme i po\u0161leme denn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b milion e-mailov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. Odfiltrovat p\u0159i takov\u00e9m provozu spamy si krom\u011b st\u00e1l\u00e9 pozornosti a mno\u017estv\u00ed operativy vy\u017eaduje i osobitou kombinaci v\u011bdy a um\u011bn\u00ed. V tomto blogu prozrad\u00edme n\u011bco o tom, jak se nyn\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u00edme p\u0159ed spamem a co v t\u00e9to oblasti chyst\u00e1me v budoucnu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2808,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[57,238,144],"class_list":["post-2807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologie","tag-email","tag-posta","tag-spam"],"yoast_head":"\nZbroj\u00edme na souboj se spamem - Websupport.cz Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/blog\/2014\/03\/zbrojime-na-souboj-se-spamem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zbroj\u00edme na souboj se spamem - Websupport.cz Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ve WebSupportu p\u0159ijmeme i po\u0161leme denn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b milion e-mailov\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v. 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