{"id":2393,"date":"2013-02-13T12:17:59","date_gmt":"2013-02-13T11:17:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.websupport.cz\/?p=2393"},"modified":"2025-03-11T21:18:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-11T20:18:16","slug":"ftp-je-pase-prejdete-na-rsync","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/blog\/2013\/02\/ftp-je-pase-prejdete-na-rsync\/","title":{"rendered":"FTP je pas\u00e9, p\u0159ejd\u011bte na RSYNC"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zastaral\u00fd protokol FTP je dodnes nejvyu\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob p\u0159enosu soubor\u016f nebo cel\u00fdch projekt\u016f na na\u0161e webservery. Ty p\u0159itom podporuj\u00ed i v\u00fdrazn\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed protokol RSYNC, kter\u00fd p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pouze zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 soubory a podporuje kompresi. P\u0159ipravili jsme pro v\u00e1s screencast, ve kter\u00e9m se RSYNC nau\u010d\u00edte pou\u017e\u00edvat<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Protokol RSYNC slou\u017e\u00ed k pohodln\u00e9mu p\u0159enosu soubor\u016f z jednoho nebo v\u00edce zdroj\u016f (SRC) do c\u00edlov\u00e9ho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed (DEST). P\u0159enos se m\u016f\u017ee uskute\u010dnit v r\u00e1mci jednoho stroje, nebo (a to n\u00e1s zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v tuto chv\u00edli v\u00edc) umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et i mezi dv\u011bma r\u016fzn\u00fdmi stroji, spojen\u00fdmi pomoc\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n

UPDATE: Na konci \u010dl\u00e1nku najdete kr\u00e1tk\u00fd n\u00e1vod, jak k autentizaci vyu\u017e\u00edt SSH kl\u00ed\u010de.<\/em><\/p>\n

\"Info<\/a><\/p>\n

Webservery Websupportu podporuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed spojen\u00ed protokolu RSYNC, a po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 autentizaci je mo\u017en\u00e9 za\u010d\u00edt p\u0159enos. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhodou protokolu RSYNC je, \u017ee se v\u017edy p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed pouze zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 soubory, a dokonce m\u016f\u017eete i pro p\u0159enos zapnout kompresi dat. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm screencastu se dozv\u00edte, jak RSYNC za\u010d\u00edt pou\u017e\u00edvat na na\u0161ich serverech.<\/p>\n

Nezapome\u0148te si zapnout nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed kvalitu videa<\/em>
\nhttp:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=I2dlfGZWmfg<\/p>\n

Detailn\u00ed popis ovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed programu rsync najdete v manu\u00e1lov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce<\/a>. Pro na\u0161e \u00fa\u010dely je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vol\u00e1n\u00ed rsync ve tvaru s DEST jako vzd\u00e1len\u00fdm strojem:<\/p>\n

rsync [OPTION...] SRC USER@HOST:DEST<\/code><\/p>\n

Mezi dostupn\u00fdmi volbami (OPTION) jsou nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tyto (n\u011bkter\u00e9 lze zapsat i ve zkr\u00e1cen\u00e9m tvaru, ten uv\u00e1d\u00edme p\u0159ed pln\u00fdm):<\/p>\n

-v, --verbose           v\u00fdstupy z b\u011bhu rsync, kter\u00e9 jsou vypisov\u00e1ny\r\n                        do konzole, budou podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\r\n-a, --archive           zachov\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00ed, vlastn\u00edka, skupiny a \u010dasy\r\n                        p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch soubor\u016f\r\n    --exclude=PATTERN   nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed soubory, jejich\u017e n\u00e1zev odpov\u00edd\u00e1\r\n                        vzorku PATTERN\r\n    --delete            v DEST sma\u017ee ty soubory, kter\u00e9 nejsou v SRC\r\n    --delete-excluded   v DEST sma\u017ee i soubory, kter\u00e9 jsou ozna\u010deny\r\n                        jako `excluded`\r\n    --delete-after      maz\u00e1n\u00ed prob\u011bhne a\u017e po p\u0159enosu zm\u011bn, ne p\u0159ed\r\n-n, --dry-run           \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 soubory se nep\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ani nema\u017e\u00ed, jen\r\n                        se uk\u00e1\u017ee, kter\u00e9 by se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ely a mazaly\r\n    --progress          zobrazuje pr\u016fb\u011bh operace\r\n    --stats             na konci zobraz\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 informace o p\u0159enosu\r\n-z, --compress          komprimuj soubory b\u011bhem p\u0159enosu<\/pre>\n
Vyu\u017eit\u00ed SSH kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f k autentizaci u\u017eivatele<\/h3>\n
V screencastu jsme v\u00fdzvu na heslo obe\u0161li pomoc\u00ed programu expect. Takov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nen\u00ed systematick\u00e9 a lze jej p\u0159inejlep\u0161\u00edm ozna\u010dit za workaround. Sp\u00ed\u0161 to ale p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 \u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed pravou rukou za lev\u00fdm uchem. Admini mi ale v\u010dera prozradili, \u017ee k FTP \u00fa\u010dt\u016fm je mo\u017en\u00e9 se p\u0159ipojit i b\u011b\u017enou metodou pomoc\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho SSH kl\u00ed\u010de.<\/p>\n
krok #1 – vygenerov\u00e1n\u00ed SSH kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f<\/h4>\n
Pokud je\u0161t\u011b nem\u00e1te vygenerovan\u00fd vlastn\u00ed p\u00e1r SSH kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f, zadejte do konzole p\u0159\u00edkaz<\/p>\n
ssh-keygen -t rsa -C \"VAS@EMAIL.CZ\"<\/code><\/p>\n
Volbou -t<\/code> zvol\u00edtte typ vygenerovan\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f. RSA je nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dostupnou volbou. P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d -C<\/code> ur\u010duje koment\u00e1\u0159 (najdete jej na konci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de). Koment\u00e1\u0159 slou\u017e\u00ed ke snaz\u0161\u00ed identifikaci kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n
Po odesl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edkazu se program zept\u00e1 na cestu, kam soubory s kl\u00ed\u010di ulo\u017eit. Sta\u010d\u00ed potvrdit v\u00fdchoz\u00ed nastaven\u00ed. D\u00e1le se zept\u00e1 na heslo, kter\u00fdm se kl\u00ed\u010de za\u0161ifruj\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010de m\u016f\u017eete na disk ulo\u017eit i nezaheslovan\u00e9, ale nen\u00ed to nejmoud\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed volba. Doporu\u010duji zadat siln\u00e9 heslo (passphrase). Po tomto kroku jsou kl\u00ed\u010de vygenerov\u00e1ny do va\u0161eho domovsk\u00e9ho adres\u00e1\u0159e (pokud jste nezadali jinou cestu).<\/p>\n
krok #2 – nahr\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho kl\u00ed\u010de na webserver<\/h4>\n
P\u0159ipojte se pomoc\u00ed FTP ke sv\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dtu a vytvo\u0159tye v hlavn\u00edm adres\u00e1\u0159i podadres\u00e1\u0159 .ssh<\/code> (\u00e1no na za\u010diatku je bodka).Do tohoto adres\u00e1\u0159e nahrajte z va\u0161eho disku (z m\u00edsta, kam byl v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm kroku vygenerov\u00e1n) soubor s n\u00e1zvem .ssh\/id_rsa.pub<\/code> a p\u0159ejmenujte ho na authorized_keys<\/code>. Tento soubor obsahuje seznam ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch kl\u00ed\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 se p\u0159ipojit k dan\u00e9mu FTP kontu. D\u00edky tomuto postupu m\u00e1te v authorized_keys<\/code> rovnou prvn\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d (pokud byste cht\u011bli p\u0159idat dal\u0161\u00ed, nem\u016f\u017eete soubor p\u0159ejmenovat, mus\u00edte nov\u00fd kl\u00ed\u010d zapsat na dal\u0161\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dek). Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby kl\u00ed\u010de v souboru authorized_keys<\/code>byly zapsan\u00e9 bez zalomen\u00ed, tedy opravdu jeden kl\u00ed\u010d na jeden (dlouh\u00fd) \u0159\u00e1dek!<\/p>\n
krok #3 – vylou\u010den\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159e .ssh z procesu rsync<\/h4>\n
Proto\u017ee se adres\u00e1\u0159 .ssh<\/code> nach\u00e1z\u00ed na serveru ve slo\u017ece projektu, bude ho rsync b\u011bhem p\u0159enosu pova\u017eovat za norm\u00e1ln\u00ed adres\u00e1\u0159. Pokud zapnete p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d --delete<\/code>, tak jej rsync vyma\u017ee (ve zdrojov\u00e9m projektu tento adres\u00e1\u0159 nenajde).<\/p>\n
Jsou dv\u011b mo\u017enosti:<\/p>\n
    \n
  1. p\u0159idat adres\u00e1\u0159 .ssh do projektu i na pracovn\u00ed stanici<\/li>\n
  2. ochr\u00e1nit adres\u00e1\u0159 p\u0159ed smaz\u00e1n\u00edm pomoc\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de --filter<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Druh\u00e1 mo\u017enost je syst\u00e9mov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, doporu\u010duji pou\u017e\u00edvat tu. Uk\u00e1zku fungov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de --filter<\/code> ajdete ve screencastu. Po p\u0159id\u00e1n\u00ed filtru<\/em> na adres\u00e1\u0159 .ssh<\/code> je u\u017e mo\u017en\u00e9 vymazat soubor scripts\/transfer.exp<\/code> a pou\u017e\u00edvat jen samotn\u00fd skript scripts\/rsync.sh<\/code><\/p>\n
    Cel\u00fd projekt a jeho aktualizovan\u00e9 zdrojov\u00e9 k\u00f3dy, kter\u00e9 jste vid\u011bli ve screencastu, si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout v na\u0161em github repozit\u00e1\u0159i<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    Zastaral\u00fd protokol FTP je dodnes nejvyu\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob p\u0159enosu soubor\u016f nebo cel\u00fdch projekt\u016f na na\u0161e webservery. Ty p\u0159itom podporuj\u00ed i v\u00fdrazn\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed protokol RSYNC, kter\u00fd p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pouze zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 soubory a podporuje kompresi. P\u0159ipravili jsme pro v\u00e1s screencast, ve kter\u00e9m se RSYNC nau\u010d\u00edte pou\u017e\u00edvat<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,52],"tags":[72,201,13],"class_list":["post-2393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technologie","category-tipy-a-triky","tag-development","tag-ftp","tag-servery"],"yoast_head":"\nFTP je pas\u00e9, p\u0159ejd\u011bte na RSYNC - Websupport.cz Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.websupport.cz\/blog\/2013\/02\/ftp-je-pase-prejdete-na-rsync\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FTP je pas\u00e9, p\u0159ejd\u011bte na RSYNC - Websupport.cz Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zastaral\u00fd protokol FTP je dodnes nejvyu\u017e\u00edvan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsob p\u0159enosu soubor\u016f nebo cel\u00fdch projekt\u016f na na\u0161e webservery. Ty p\u0159itom podporuj\u00ed i v\u00fdrazn\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed protokol RSYNC, kter\u00fd p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed pouze zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9 soubory a podporuje kompresi. 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